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- ********************************************
- * Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation domain *
- ********************************************
-
- Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation [1,2] is the post-translational modification
- of glutamic residues to form gamma-carboxyglutamate (Gla). Proteins known to
- contain Gla are listed below.
-
- - A number of plasma proteins involved in blood coagulation. These proteins
- are prothrombin, coagulation factors VII, IX and X, proteins C, S, and Z.
- - Two proteins that occur in calcified tissues: osteocalcin (also known as
- bone-Gla protein, BGP), and matrix Gla-protein (MGP).
- - Cone snail venom peptides: conantokin-G and -T, and conotoxin GS [3].
-
- With the exception of the snail toxins, all these proteins contain an
- N-terminal module of about forty amino acids where the majority of the Glu
- residues are carboxylated. This domain is responsible for the high-affinity
- binding of calcium ions. The Gla-domain starts at the N-terminal extremity of
- the mature form of these proteins and ends with a conserved aromatic residue;
- a conserved Gla-x(3)-Gla-x-Cys motif [4] is found in the middle of the domain
- which seems to be important for substrate recognition by the carboxylase.
-
- -Consensus pattern: x(12)-E-x(3)-E-x-C-x(6)-[DEN]-x-[LIVMFY]-x(9)-[FYW]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: Trypanosoma ESAG8 protein and
- Bacillus subtilis spaB.
-
- -Note: all glutamic residues present in the domain are potential carboxylation
- sites; in coagulation proteins, all are modified to Gla, while in BGP and MGP
- some are not.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Price P.A.
- pprice@ucsd.edu
-
- -Last update: December 1992 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Friedman P.A., Przysiecki C.T.
- Int. J. Biochem. 19:1-7(1987).
- [ 2] Vermeer C.
- Biochem. J. 266:625-636(1990).
- [ 3] Haack J.A., Rivier J.E., Parks T.N., Mena E.E., Cruz L.J., Olivera B.M.
- J. Biol. Chem. 265:6025-6029(1990).
- [ 4] Price P.A., Fraser J.D., Metz-Virca G.
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:8335-8339(1987).
-